A literature review analyzes how current research supports the PICOT
While the implementation plan prepares students to apply their research to the problem or issue they have identified for their capstone project change proposal, the literature review enables students to map out and move into the active planning and development stages of the project.
A literature review analyzes how current research supports the PICOT, as well as identifies what is known and what is not known in the evidence. Students will use the information from the earlier PICOT Question Paper and Literature Evaluation Table assignments to develop a 750-1,000 word review that includes the following sections:
Title page
Introduction section
A comparison of research questions
A comparison of sample populations
A comparison of the limitations of the study
A conclusion section, incorporating recommendations for further research
Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.
This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.
Running head: LITERATURE EVALUATION TABLE 2
LITERATURE EVALUATION TABLE 2
Literature Evaluation Table
Student’s Name
Institutional Affiliation
PICOT Statement
(P) Inpatients in acute care units and acute rehabilitation unit.
(I) –Implementation of adequate nurse-to-patient staffing ratios
(C) –Disproportional nurse-to-patient staffing ratios
(O) –Improvement in quality of patient care
(T) Throughout hospitalization period
(P) For inpatients in acute care units and acute rehabilitation units(I)will implementation of adequate nurse-to-patient staffing ratio(C)against disproportional nurse-to-patient staffing ratio(O)improves the quality of patient care(T)throughout the period of the hospitalization?
Literature Evaluation Table
Criteria
Article 1
Article 2
Article 3
Article 4
Author, Journal (Peer-reviewed), and permalink or working link to access the article
Bridges, J., Griffiths, P., Oliver, E., & Pickering, R. M.
BMJ Quality & Safety, 28(9),
https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjqs-2018-008948
Cho, E., Sloane, D. M., Kim, E.-Y., Kim, S., Choi, M., Yoo, I. Y., Lee, H. S., & Aiken, L. H.
International Journal of Nursing Studies, 52(2), 535–542
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2014.08.006
Cho, S.-H., Lee, J.-Y., Hong, K. J., Yoon, H.-J., Sim, W.-H., Kim, M.-S., & Huh, I
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration, 26(1), 42.
https://doi.org/10.11111/jkana.2020.26.1.42
Driscoll, A., Grant, M. J., Carroll, D., Dalton, S., Deaton, C., Jones, I., Lehwaldt, D., McKee, G., Munyombwe, T., & Astin, F.
European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing
https://doi.org/10.11111/jkana.2020.26.1.42
Article Title and Year Published
Hospital nurse staffing and staff-patient interactions: an observational study.
2019
Effects of nurse staffing, work environments, and education on patient mortality: An observational study.
2015
Determining Nurse Staffing by Classifying Patients Based on their Nursing Care Needs.
2020
The effect of nurse-to-patient ratios on nurse-sensitive patient outcomes in acute specialist units: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
2018
Research Questions (Qualitative)/ Hypothesis (Quantitative) and Purpose/Aim of the study
Research question: what is the relationship between nurse staffing and staff-patient interactions?
The purpose: The study aimed at exploring the associations between the levels and skills of nurse staffing and the quality and quantity of their interactions with patients in hospital wards.
Research question: what is the link between nursing characteristics and patient outcomes?
The aim of the study: to explore the impact of nursing staffing, education, and environment on the mortality of patients.
Research question: what is nursing staffing in terms of patients’ nursing care needs?
The aim of the study: to determine nursing staffing through the classification of nursing care needs of patients.
Research question: what is the effect of nursing staffing levels on patient outcomes?
Aim of the study: To determine the associations between nurse staffing levels and the outcomes of nurse-sensitive patients in acute specialist units.
Design (Type of Qualitative or Quantitative)
Quantitative design that relied on Multilevel regression models.
Quantitative design that relied on survey data.
Quantitative design that relied on cross sectional data.
Quantitative design that relied on secondary data.
Setting/Sample
Data was collected from six wards at two English National Health Service hospitals.
Data was obtained from the patient discharge data and the staff of the 14 high-technology hospitals, South Korea.
Four general wards at a tertiary hospital.
86 registered nurses and 780 inpatients.
Nine electronic databases published between 2006 and 2017.
Methods: Intervention/ Instruments
Information was obtained through observation of the staff-patient interactions in 238 hours.
The information was generated from survey data from the nursing staff and the patient discharge data from 1st January to 31st December 2008.
Cross-sectional data was obtained through observation of nursing activities and measurement of patient’s nursing care needs.
Searching the nine electronic databases.
Analysis
Data analysis was carried out in a total of 119 sessions each of two hours in which a total of 270 patients under care were observed. Analysis was done using the multivariate regression model.
Logistic regression models were used to analyze the effects of nurse staffing, environment, and education on patient mortality.
Statistics on the nursing care needs of patients and nursing activities.
Systematic reviews of cross-sectional studies and meta-analysis of homogenous studies.
Key Findings
Out of the 3076 interactions observed, 299 interactions, which account for 10%, were rated as negative. Negative rating increased with the increase in the number of nurses, and agitation and age of the patient.
The results indicated that the three nursing characteristics are associated with patient mortality. In nurse staffing, additional patient per nurse put the risk of patient mortality to 5% within 30 days of admission.
The current nursing of the tertiary hospital was as low as 53%, and it affected the provision of nursing care needs to patients.
The high levels of nurse staffing were found to be linked to a reduction in medical errors, hospital-acquired infections, mortality, and an increase in levels of nurse interventions within 90 minutes. A higher level of nurse staffing decreased the risk of mortality by 14%.
Recommendations
The change of the quality and quantity of staff-patient interactions is associated with low staffing levels of the registered nurses. Low RN staffing levels are associated with changes in quality and quantity of staff–patient interactions. The use of assistant staffs does not increase the interactions. Thus, there is a need to increase the number of registered nurses to help in the supervision of assistant staff and thus, increasing staff-patient interactions.
In-hospital deaths can be prevented by adding more nurses with a Bachelor of Science in Nursing Degree and improving work environments.
The is a need to employ appropriate and safe staffing to help in the provision of nursing care needs to patients; thus, improving the quality of patient care.
Nurse-to-patient ratio needs to be adequate to help in improving patient care in acute care.
Explanation of How the Article Supports EBP/ Capstone Project
This article is relevant to the project because it examines the association between nurse staffing and the staff-patient interactions that are aimed at promoting patient outcomes.
This article supports the capstone project because it provides tangible evidence that providing adequate nurse-to-patient staffing ratio helps in improving the quality of patient care by reducing mortality.
This article supports the project by showing that increasing nurse staffing helps in the provision of quality patient care.
The article supports the project by presenting evidence on the patient outcomes that are affected by the nurse-to-patient ratio.
Criteria
Article 5
Article 6
Article 7
Article 8
Author, Journal (Peer-reviewed), and permalink or working link to access the article
Needleman, J.
BMJ Quality & Safety, 26(7), 525–528.
https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjqs-2016-006197
Olley, R., Edwards, I., Avery, M., & Cooper, H.
Australian Health Review, 43(3), 288.
https://doi.org/10.1071/ah16252
Shin, S., Park, J.-H., & Bae, S.-H.
Nursing Outlook, 66(3), 273–282.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.outlook.2017.12.002
Song, Y., Hoben, M., Norton, P., & Estabrooks, C. A.
JAMA Network Open, 3(1), e1920092
https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.20092
Article Title and Year Published
Nursing skill mix and patient outcomes.
2016
Systematic review of the evidence related to mandated nurse staffing ratios in acute hospitals.
2019
A systematic review and meta-analysis.
2018
Association of Work Environment with Missed and Rushed Care Tasks Among Care Aides in Nursing Homes.
2020
Research Questions (Qualitative)/ Hypothesis (Quantitative) and Purpose/Aim of study
Research question: what is the relationship between nursing skill mix and patient outcomes.
Research question: What effects do nurse staffing ratios have in acute hospitals?
The aim of the study: To evaluate the research on nurse staffing methods and relate these methods to various patient outcomes.
Research question: what is the relationship between nurse staffing and nurse outcomes?
Aim of the study: to assess empirical studies on the relationship between nurse outcomes and nurse staffing.
Research question: is there an association between work environment and uncomplete or rushing nursing care tasks among the nursing home aides?
Aim of the study: To assess the association between the work environment and the crucial missing care tasks in the…
